欧洲字幕翻译标准化：电视字幕版面设计指南｜Part 1

字幕应置于屏幕下方，这个位置的动作的重要性通常对影片美学上的影响程度较低。

字幕底沿应比屏幕底部边沿高出1/12屏幕高，这样观众的目光就无需向下扫视太长的行程。水平方向上也要留有空间，同样是为了让观影者无需横向扫视整个屏幕。

每个字幕行的左侧首字与屏幕左边沿留出不小于1/12屏幕宽，而右侧尾字与屏幕右边沿也要留出1/12屏幕宽。

特殊情况下字幕行可以放在屏幕的上方，例如，在原本应插入字幕的位置上出现了对影片的可观赏性和可理解性有着至关重要影响的视觉对象。

❷ Number of lines 字幕行数 : 

A maximum of two lines of subtitles should be presented at a time. This would guarantee that no more than 2/12 of the screen image would be covered by subtitles at a time. In the case of a single-line subtitle, this should occupy the lower of the two lines, rather than the top line in order to minimise interference with the background image action.

同屏最多可出现两行字幕。这能确保字幕不会占据超过2/12的屏幕面积。在只有一行字幕时，为了将对背景图像的破坏降至最小，这行字幕要放在原本两行字幕的下一行的位置上，而不是上一行的位置。

❸ Text positioning 字幕文本的位置： 

The subtitled text should be presented centered on its allocated line(s). Since most of the image action circulates around the centre of the screen, this would enable the eye of the viewer to travel a shorter distance in order to reach the start of the subtitle. An exception is the case of “double text” (i.e. dialogue turns initiated by dashes and presented simultaneously on a two-line subtitle) which should be aligned to the left side of the screen, following the conventions of printed literature that require dialogue turns introduced by dashes to be left-aligned on the printed page (see also the entry of “Dashes” in section 3 “Punctuation and letter case”).

字幕文本应水平居中放置。因为大多数图像动作都是围绕着屏幕的中心，字幕文本也居中放置，观众的目光仅需移动一小段距离就能从首字开始阅读。

“双行字幕”是个特殊的情况（即对话太长产生了折行，行间用破折号连接），它要放到屏幕的左边，这遵循了印刷文学作品的一贯做法，即用破折号连接的对话要放在印刷页的左边（参考第四节“标点符号和字母用法”的“破折号”的部分）。

❹ Number of characters per line 每行的字符数： 

Each subtitle line should allow around 35 characters in order to be able to accommodate a satisfactory portion of the (translated) spoken text and minimise the need for original text reduction and omissions. An increase in the number of characters, attempting to fit over 40 per subtitle line, reduces the legibility of the subtitles because the font size is also inevitably reduced.

每个字幕行大约35个字符，这是考虑到翻译的需求，尽量减少翻译过程中的匹配和字符省略。每行更多的字符数量，比如超过40个，因为通常需要减小字号，所以容易造成易懂度的问题。

❺ Typeface and distribution 字体选择及间距： 

Typefaces with no serifs are preferable to fonts with serifs, since the visual complexity added to the latter results in a decrease in the legibility of the subtitled text. Typefaces like Helvetica and Arial are qualified. Proportional distribution (like the one used on the current document and on most Word Processors) rather than Monospace distribution (usually used on typewriters) saves the space required to fit the desired 35 characters into a subtitle line.

无衬线的字体比带衬线的字体更适用。任何视觉装饰元素都会降低字符的可懂度。认证过的字体包括Helvetica和Arial（译者注：均为拉丁字体）。等比间距（本文以及大多数文字处理软件采用等比间距）比单倍间距（常见于打字机）更适用，因为前者更节约空间，更容易在一行内排下35个字符

❻ Font colour and background 字色及背景色： 

Type characters should be coloured pale white (not “snow-bright” white) because a too flashy pigment would render them tiring to the viewers’ eye. They should also be presented against a grey, see-through “ghost box” rather than in a contoured format (surrounded by a shadowed edge) since it has been proven that it easier for the eye to read against a fixed rather than a varying/moving background. In addition, the colour of the “ghost box” (grey) is both neutral to the eye and gives the impression that it does not entirely block the background image.

字色应设置为纯白（注意不要设为最白），因为过于斑斓的颜色会引起观众的视觉疲劳。

字符应底衬灰色、半透明的背景色，而不是仅仅为字符设置阴影，因为有研究表明，固定背景比活动背景更容易观看。此外，灰色底衬对人眼是一种中立色，半透明也能保证背景图像不会被完全遮掉。

以上只是整个研究中的部分内容，接下来我们还会介绍字幕的时间参数、标点符号及字母的用法以及目标文字编辑这三个方面的内容，敬请期待。

翻译｜陈茜 郑鸣昊 黄桂萍

校对｜黄桂萍

编辑｜刘鑫