欧洲版字幕标准：时间参数和标点符号及字母的用法｜Part 2

Punctuation and letter case

标点符号及字母的用法

“Sequence dots” (or “ending triple dots”) {...}

句尾省略号（出现在句尾的…） 

Three dots should be used right after the last character of a subtitle (no space character inserted), when the subtitled sentence is not finished on one subtitle and has to continue over the consecutive subtitle. The three "sequence dots" indicate that the subtitled sentence is incomplete, so that the eye and the brain of the viewers can expect the appearance of a new flash to follow. The total absence of any kind of punctuation mark after the last character of the subtitle, as an alternative means of indicating the continuation of the subtitled sentence over the consecutive subtitle, does not provide such an obvious signal and, thus, the brain takes more time to process the new flash which appears less expectedly. Because of their particular function as signifiers of sentence incompleteness, the use of “sequence dots” to simply indicate ongoing thoughts or an unfinished utterance by the speaker should be considerably restricted.

句尾省略号应当接在字幕行最后一个字符后面，中间不留空格，表明本句没有讲完，下一个字幕行继续。

句尾省略号表明本行字幕不完整，观众的眼睛和大脑据此会期待下一句的出现。如果句尾没有任何标点符号，虽然也可表明“本句不完整，下句继续”的意思，但是因为没有明显的视觉信号，大脑的反应时间会更长。

“Linking dots” (or “starting triple dots”) {...}

句首省略号（出现在句首的…） 

Three dots should be used right before the first character of a subtitle (no space character inserted, the first character non-capitalised), when this subtitle carries the follow-up text of the previous uncompleted sentence. The tracing of the three “linking dots” signals the arrival of the expected new flash of subtitle, something anticipated because of the presence of “sequence dots” in the previous subtitle. The absence of any punctuation mark as an alternative means of indicating the arrival of the remaining part of an incomplete subtitled sentence does not provide such an obvious signal and as a result the brain takes more time to process the new subtitle flash as related to the previous subtitle. Because of their particular function as signifiers of sentence continuation, “linking dots” should always be used in conjunction with “sequence dots.”

句首省略号应当出现在字幕行第一个字符之前，中间不留空格，首字母非大写，这表明本句是接上句的。句首省略号代表了“接上句”的心理预期，与上句的句尾省略号相呼应。

句首不加任何标点也可表明“本句是接上句”的意思，但由于没有明显的视觉信号，大脑反应时间会更长。由于起到连接前后字幕行的作用，句尾省略号和句首省略号总是成对出现的。

Full stops {.}  句号 . 

The full stop, or period, should be used right after the last character of a subtitle (no space character inserted) to indicate the end of the subtitled sentence. This signals to the eye that it can go back to the image since there is no consecutive subtitle to anticipate. The absence of “sequence dots” as an alternative means of indicating the end of a subtitled sentence does not provide such an obvious signal and as a result the brain takes more time to process the fact that the subtitled sentence has actually been completed.

句号应当出现在字幕行最后一个字符之后，中间不留空格，表明本句结束。这给了观众一个信息：现在可以把目光投回画面了，因为后面没有跟随的字幕内容了。如果不加句号，就没有这么明显的指示作用，大脑也要花更多时间才反应过来本句已经彻底结束了。

Dashes and hyphens {-} 中横线 – 

Dashes are used before the first character of each of the lines of a two-line subtitle (with a space character inserted each time) to indicate the exchange of speakers’ utterances, namely a dialogue, presented either in a single flash as “static double text,” or with the second speaker’s exchange as an “overlay” to the first subtitle line, i.e. as “dynamic double text.” When dashes are used to link words as hyphens no space characters should be inserted between the linked words

可作为短破折号或者连字符。在双行字幕中，如果每一行的开头都有一个 - ，并且与首字母之间留有一个空格，这表明这两句话分别由两个人所说，即所谓“对话”。

这种形式既可以两行一起出，也可以用叠加方式先出一行再出一行。当作为连字符使用时，中横线与前后字母之间不应当留有空格。

Question marks {?} and exclamation points {!}

问号 ? 和感叹号！

Question marks and exclamation points should be used to indicate a question or emphasis respectively, just like in printed materials, positioned right after the last character of a subtitle (no space character inserted).

问号用于表明一个问题，感叹号用于加强语气，同文字出版物用法相同，与前字之间不留空格。

Note: For questions in Spanish, a question mark should also be inserted right before the first character (no space character inserted).

Parentheses {( )} and brackets {[ ]}

圆括号（）和方括号[ ] 

Parentheses and brackets should be used to embrace comments which are explanatory to the preceding phrase. As the duration time for each subtitle is considerably limited and the convention of parentheses or brackets is not extremely widespread in printed materials either, they function as wild cards and, therefore, they should be used cautiously.

这两种括号都用于表明解释性文字，括号内的文字是对前文的解释。鉴于字幕的持续时间都不长，并且即使在印刷出版物中括号也不常用，因此在字幕中要慎用括号。

Single quotation marks {‘ ’} 单引号 ’ ’ 

Single quotation marks should be used just like in printed materials, in order to embrace alleged information. For reasons similar to the use of parentheses and brackets, single quotation marks should be used cautiously.

单引号通常仅用于印刷出版物，引号内的文字表达“所谓的”意思。同括号类似，单引号在字幕中也要慎用。

Double quotation marks {“ ”} 双引号 “ ” 

Double quotation should be used just like in printed materials, in order to embrace quoted information. For reasons similar to the use of parentheses and brackets, double quotation marks should be used cautiously.

情况同单引号。

Commas {,}, colons {:} and semicolons {;}

逗号 , 冒号 : 和分号 ; 

Commas, colons and semicolons should be used just like in printed materials, in order to suggest a short pause in the reading pace. Unlike full stops, sequence dots, exclamation points and question marks which could all be used to close a subtitled sentence, no subtitle flash should end in a comma, a colon or a semicolon because the inevitable pause in the reading pace, as a result of the time break between the two subtitles and the necessary time for the brain to process the new subtitle, would be disproportionately long in relation to the expected short pause. Again, for reasons similar to the use of parentheses and brackets commas, colons and semicolons should be used cautiously.

这三种标点通常仅用于印刷出版物，用以表明阅读中的短暂停顿。同句号、省略号、问号和感叹号这种句尾符号不同，逗号/冒号/分号不能用于字幕行的结尾，因为字幕行天然就包含了停顿，以及两句字幕中间的时间间隔，如果再加标点带来的停顿，给大脑的信号就未免太长了一些。因此，这三个短符号也应当慎用。

Italics 斜体 

Italics on the subtitled text should be used to indicate an off-screen source of the spoken text, (e.g. when there is a voice of someone contemplating something, speaking over the phone from the other end, or narrating something). They should also be used when retaining foreign-language words in their original foreign-language version (e.g. “He’s got a certain je ne sais quoi.”).

字幕中的斜体表明声音是从屏幕外传来的，比如即将入画的人打了一声招呼，电话那头的声音，以及画外音等等诸如此类。以外国文字拼写的外来词也需要用斜体标出，比如“他有那么一种 je ne sais quoi”

Quotation marks {“”} embracing text in italics

双引号中的斜体

Quotation marks embracing text in italics should be used to indicate a public broadcast, i.e. spoken text coming from an off-screen source and addressed to a number of people (e.g. through a TV, a radio, or a loudspeaker). They should also be used when transferring song lyrics.

双引号中的斜体字代表公共广播，比如一群人在听来自屏幕外的声音（电视、广播、扩声器等等）。歌词通常也是用双引号括起的斜体。

Upper- and lower-case letters

大写和小写字母

Upper- and lower-case letters should be used just like in printed materials, as if the subtitle was to appear on paper. Subtitles typed only in upper-case letters should be used when transferring a display or a caption (i.e. a written sign that appears on the screen).

全大写通常仅用于印刷出版物。通常，只有在将画面中的元素以字幕方式呈现时才可能使用全大写字幕。

Boldface and underline 加粗及下划线

Boldface and underline typing conventions are not permitted in subtitling.

字幕当中不允许出现加粗和下划线。

翻译｜陈茜 郑鸣昊 黄桂萍

校对｜黄桂萍

编辑｜刘鑫